When I met Myanmar migrant workers and refugees
during my recent visit to Thailand, many cried out: 'Don't forget us!"'
said Aung San Suu Kyi as the world watched her deliver her acceptance
speech for the Nobel Peace Prize she was awarded 21 years ago.
Myanmarrefugees eagerly await the arrival of Aung San Suu Kyi atMaeLa
refugeecampnearthe Thai-Myanmarborder in Tak’sThasongyang district
earlier this month. Democratic reforms inside Myanmarhave sparked
discussions of the return of refugees,someof whomhave been living
incampsinside Thailand for decades.
"They meant: 'don't forget our plight, don't forget to do what you
can to help us, don't forget we also belong to your world,"' she
explained.
The timing could not have been better _ today is World Refugee Day.
Today, let us not forget them. Instead, let us remember why people
left Myanmar. Let us listen to their voices as rhetoric about positive
changes in Myanmar threatens to drown them out.
A refugee is anyone who has fled his or her country because of
conflict and oppression to look for a refuge. The United Nations'
definition aside, refugees are not just those registered in camps.
Refugees from Myanmar are all those who had to abandon their homeland
to flee civil war, human rights abuses, oppression, forced displacement
and discrimination.
They now live in camps on the border and in temporary hiding spots in the jungle, displaced from their homes.
Myanmar is changing and change has brought with it talk of refugees
returning. However, one should pause for a moment and seriously consider
whether the reasons these people fled their country have disappeared?
Can they finally find a safe refuge in their homeland?
Ceasefires have been signed with some ethnic minorities, but most of
the agreements are still at an early stage of negotiations and have not
been implemented on the ground yet. And Myanmar's history shows that
ceasefires can be broken and reforms can be reversed.
Even in those states where fighting has stopped, the areas which
refugees would return to remain dangerously marked by landmines, as the
Karen Human Rights Group documents in their recent report, "Uncertain
Grounds".
Human rights abuses continue and are being exacerbated as the country opens up to investment.
Large-scale mining, logging and other development projects are
resulting in greater militarisation, widespread land confiscation,
environmental degradation, further displacement of population and the
dwindling of cultivable land.
The Karen Human Rights Group has also reported the ongoing use of forced labour by security forces.
Until development in Myanmar can take place without displacing locals
and causing other human rights abuses, those who are displaced will
continue to seek security and stability in neighbouring countries like
Thailand.
These ongoing human rights abuses have a serious impact on a
community's ability to pursue livelihoods and harms the chances of a
safe return for refugees.
Taking these factors into consideration, one wonders why the
repatriation of refugees back to Myanmar has suddenly become such a
pressing issue.
Myanmar's government has called for refugees and exiles to return.
For the government, their return would be evidence that Myanmar has
changed and will help boost its image both in the region and the world.
Returning refugees would also be an important source of cheap labour
in resource-rich areas the government expects to turn into special
economic zones, with one such zone planned in conflict-ridden Karen
state.
The EU's decision to scale down funding for NGOs working at the
border could also be indirectly contributing to a push for early
repatriation.
It is imperative these actors recognise that premature repatriation will strain the fragile ceasefires in Myanmar.
Successful repatriation must be voluntary, with the full understanding and consent of refugees.
If I ask any refugee "Do you want to go home?", most will answer "Yes". After all, none of them chose to be a refugee.
However, if I ask "When would you like to go home?" the answer will be more nuanced.
Consultations to determine refugees' wishes can be easily
manipulated. It is therefore crucial that they are undertaken in a
genuine manner, allowing refugees to freely express themselves.
Before they go home, trust must be actively rebuilt. Military camps
must be withdrawn from villages if people are to go back without fear.
Landmines must be removed. Human rights violations must stop.
Education and health services must be made accessible and
certificates attained in camps related to education, health, and various
livelihoods must be recognised by the government.
Oppressive laws must be repealed, land rights must be guaranteed,
citizen identity cards must be granted and official discrimination must
stop.
Housing issues must be solved, otherwise repatriation will be transformed into forced relocation.
Hasty repatriation might serve donors' and the Myanmar government's
short-term interests, but it will lay the ground for further, deeper
instability that would make refugees even more vulnerable.
Myanmar's government hasn't turned rhetoric into concrete actions to
prepare for the return of refugees. On World Refugee Day, let us not
forget that refugees have a voice. They had no choice in leaving
Myanmar, but they deserve the freedom to choose how and when to go home.
Khin Ohmar is the Coordinator of Burma Partnership, a regional civil society network promoting democracy and human rights.
Source : http://www.bangkokpost.com
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